Several aspects of cataract surgery in children differ from adults. Ocular anatomy, cataract morphology, exaggerated response to surgical trauma, and the need for amblyopia therapy are major concerns in pediatric cataract surgery. Moreover, intraoperative differences such as location and type of incisions, management of anterior and posterior capsules and need for anterior vitrectomy are other important issues to be considered. Achieving a successful result depends on adhering to all the pre-, intra- and post-operative considerations and their proper management.